Vimshottari Dasha Sequence

From my Guru Sh. AB Shukla ji

 
We always used to wonder why the dasa sequence has this awkward order – Ketu – Venus – Sun – Moon – Mars – Rahu – Jupiter – Saturn – Mercury. My Guru explained this mystery and made it appear so simple and logical. I am sharing the same with you:
This is a spiritual explanation of journey of SOUL. I hope you will relish it.

First dasha: First of all, Atma or the Soul has to decide if it is free or still has baggage of sanchit karma with it. If the Sanchit karma has the bank balance then Soul has no choice but to go for rebirth (as per the universal principle controlled by the Brahm) to experience the reaction or fruits of karmas performed in past lives. And hence the first dasa is of KETU who concludes if it is librated (moksha) or has to reincarnate.

Second dasha: Once the decision of rebirth has been taken, then the soul needs a body to experience the karma phala (prarabdha). For body, as per the divine design, require two persons (male and female) to develop fondness, love and affection to come close to each other. These attributes are governed by Venus and hence the next dasha is of VENUS.

Third dasha: Once the body is available, next role is of Atma or Soul who sits in that body as its lord. The soul is governed by Sun hence the next dasha of SUN.
Fourth dasha: As the body with soul is available, next role is to experience the fruits of past karmas. To experience the fruits (in the form of such or dukh/ happiness or sorrow) one need the manah. Therefore the next dasha is of MOON.

Fifth dasha: Once the happiness and sorrow are being felt, one starts reacting to the situations and performs purushartha or efforts and tries to change the situation to make it conducive to himself (for happiness). Hence the next dasha is of Mars, the karka for purushartha.

Sixth dasha: As soon as purushatha is done, a feeling of “I” emerges (I do). The karma and the person gets connected (as part of freewill) to generate further karmas. This ahankaar of “I am doing” is related to RAHU, hence the next dasha.

Seventh dasha: Now the time comes for recognition or otherwise of “I”, role of Jupiter comes. Guru is responsible for recognition (ahankaar ka khandan or mandan – i.e. the feeling of doer need to be resolved) hence the next dasha is of Jupiter. Jupiter gives everything due in prarabdha with both hands which is the diet of ahankaar (ego).

Eighth dasha: Now the time comes for those karma phalas which ought to be experienced (apariharya phalas) in this birth and there is no escape. This is one of the most important stage of life as at this stage, the sanchit balance reduces. The responsibility of apariharya is with SATURN.

Ninth and the last dasha: The last step comes now. Whatever has been generated in this birth due to freewill is to be accounted for. “What was right and what was wrong” is decided by the intellect (budhdhi and vivek) and properly keep in the records of sanchit karma balance. Hence the dasha of MERCURY. This ledger is then handed over to Ketu to decide about rebirth.

This sequence keep repeating through various births and rebirths till the sanchita is exhausted.
There is an astronomical explanation also for dasha sequence which will be taken up in next post.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 19 May 2013, for Comments click here

Lagna and Efforts

From Guru Sh. AB Shukla ji:
Recently, one of my friend (Sh. Soumya ji from Mysore) posted the following on fb:
“The only person who can pull me down is myself, and I'm not going to let myself pull me down anymore.”
This reminds me of a shloka from Gita which is very dear to my Guruji. It goes like this:

उद्धरेत आत्मनात्मानं नात्मानं अवसादयेत ।

आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मन: ॥ 6.5 ॥

Uddharet atmana atmanam na atmanam avasadayet

Atma aiva hy atmano bandhu atma aiva ripu atmanah ..6.5..

“This means - let a man raise himself by his own efforts. Let him not degrade himself.
Because a person's best friend or his worst enemy is none other than his own self.”
Astrologically, this shloka talks of lagna (aatmana) and lagnesh (aatmanam) and gives an indication that remedial (uddharet) to strengthen lagna and lagnesh shall be done regularly in one’s life. Importance of lagna and lagnesh is paramount in a horoscope.
This also clears the doubt if remedy should be done or not and whether remedy is effective or not. Lord Krishna himself has prescribed that.



Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 1 May 2013, for Comments click here

Jupiter and Venus as per Gita

From my Guru Sh. A B Shukla Ji

Jupiter and Venus as per Gita

पुरोधसां च मुख्यं मां विद्ध्धि पार्थ बृहस्पतिम ॥10.24॥

Purodhsaam — of all priests or purohits; cha — also; Mukhyam — the chief; Maam – me, Vidhdhi — understand; Paarth – son of Prtha, Brihaspatim – brihaspati or Jupiter
Lord Krishna says that he is head among the priests or Purohits. Pur means body. So he, as Jupiter, is the care taker or protector of body or Jeeva and is also known as Brihatpati. Priest, traditionally guides the native on righteous path. That’s the job of Jupiter.

कवीनामुशना कवि: ॥10.37॥

Kavinaam – among kavis (Kavi means one who can know past present future or an astrologer), Ushna – Sukracharya, Kavi – trikalagya or astrologer
Kavis are those who are capable of thinking thoroughly on any subject matter and can see past presnt and future or in other words, they are astrologer. Lord says that among the kavis, he is Ushna, Shukracharya, who was the spiritual master of the demons.
From the above the difference is clear. Jupiter is Jeeva or the protector of body or one who guides on righteous path where as Venus is for astrology makes a person intelligent enough to make a person great astrologer.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 23 April 2013, for Comments click here

Numbers 6 and 7

From My Guru Sh A. B. Shukla Ji

In the last post on numbers on 27th February, I told you about the importance of number three. Our sages realized the importance of number seven too along with number three which is evident from Kaand 1 / sukta 1 of Atharva veda which was mentioned in the last post also.

“Ye trishaptaha pariyanti vishva rupani bibhratah.
Vaachaspatirbala tesham tanvo adya dadhaatu me”

It means that this three and seven is holding this whole world and circulating in everything, oh Vaachaspati, grant that strength to us.
The importance of three is already explained. The number three gave birth to number six and seven. 
This is explained below. 
1. Number six: Vedic era realized that the number seven mentioned in above sukta has originated from three. But they did not reach at seven directly. As our Modern mathematics considers that maximum permutation combinations that are possible from “3” are:
3! (factorial 3) i.e. 3 x 2 x 1 = 6
They also initially considered this and gave number six.
2. Number seven: But then they realized that Brahman manifests itself in full bloom in seven forms in the universe which is actually result of three fold nature. 
Then they realized that seven combinations are possible from the number “3” and not six. 

Following example explains this:
Consider three basic doshas (forces) of body namely Vata, Pitta and Kapha. We see the seven possible combinations from this:
1. Mainly Vata, Minimal Pitta, Minimal Kapha
2. Minimal Vata, Mainly Pitta, Minimal Kapha
3. Minimal Vata, Minimal Pitta, Mainly Kapha
4. Vata and Pitta equal, Minimal Kapha
5. Vata and Kapha equal, Minimal Pitta
6. Kapha and Pitta equal, Minimal Vata
7. All Vata, Pitta, Kapha equal

Formation of number 7 is thus visible which is talked about in the above Athrva Veda mantra. Each combination matches with seven planet in vedic jyotish.
Some examples to display that the Brahman manifests itself in full bloom in the nature as seven are:
1. seven colours in the spectrum of Sun light (VIBGYOR)
2. seven rishis
3. seven sees, 
4. seven continents, 
5. seven musical nodes, 
6. seven days in a week, 
7. seven chakras (energy points in body), 
8. seven rows in periodic table, 
9. seven planets in vedic jyotish etc. etc.
Importance of seven is further sung in Atharva Veda Kaand 8 sukta 9 mantra 18 which says like this:
“Sapta homah samidho ha sapta madhooni saptartavo ha sapta.
Saptajyani pari bhootmaayan tah saptagridhra eti shushruma vayam..”
This mantra emphasizes importance of seven by saying that there are seven yagyas, seven samidhaye, seven madhu, seven seasons, seven rasas (tastes), etc.
This explains the creation of 6 and 7 from 3.


Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 15 March 2013, for Comments click here

Gita 2/2: Astrological Meaning

From my Guru Sh. A. B. Shukla Ji
Jyotisha is one of the Vedanga. For knowing hidden meaning and complete understanding of a text in Veda, Upanishads or Puranas, understanding astrological meaning essential.

Guruji has provided many such astrological meanings which I will try to share with all of you. I hope you will enjoy and find it useful.

The first one, I am taking, is Gita 2/2:

कुतस्त्वा कश्मलमिदं विषमे समुपस्थितम ।
अनार्यजुष्टमस्वर्ग्यमकीर्तिकरमर्जुन ।।

It’s a beautiful shloka to explain the condition of a learned man (Arjun) in the absence of Guru. This is the only question the lord has put to Arjuna in Gita and he proceeds with the discourse without waiting for the answer.

First the literal meaning:
The Lord Krishna asks Arjun: How has the dejection come to you at this juncture? This is not fit for an Aryan (or the people of noble mind and deeds). It is disgraceful, and it does not lead one to heaven.

Astrological meaning: Let’s understand the meaning of each word and the planet associated with it -
Kutastva – from where, analyze represented by planet Mercury
Kashmalam – desperation because of attachment and felt by manah represented by Moon
Vishme samupasthitam – crucial adverse time or kaal represented by Saturn
Anarya – act not by noble men and acts of a noble man represented by Mars
Aswargyam – place not comfortable & without luxuries and luxuries are represented by Venus
Akirtikaram - not famous and fame is represented by Sun
You can see that only 6 planets out of 7 are present here (Rahu & Ketu are not considered).
What is missing is “Jupiter or Guru”, planet responsible for wisdom or gyan. Absence of gyan is the reason for the entire Gita discourse by the Lord for Arjuna.
How beautifully a message has been conveyed in this shloka. If you read the literal meaning then this hidden meaning would go unnoticed. The hidden meaning is very clear i.e. “without Guru, all negativities are possible or Guru is essential for Gyan”.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 6 March 2013, for Comments click here

Numbers 3, 6 and 7

From my Guru Sh. AB Shukla Ji

Continued from last post on numbers:

Next numbers that were invented after infinity, 0, 9 & 8 were 3, 6 and 7.
Our sages realized the importance of number three and seven. This importance is mentioned in Kaand 1 / sukta 1 of Atharva veda.

“Ye trishaptaha pariyanti vishva rupani bibhratah.
Vaachaspatirbala tesham tanvo adya dadhaatu me”
It means that this three and seven is holding this whole world and circulating in everything, oh Vaachaspati, grant that strength to us.

Number 3 is the base of everything in this world. The Brahman or the GOD or the nature always manifests itself in three forms or in other words, everything is three fold. Some of the examples that depict the three fold nature of Brahman are:

Three gunas (nature) namely Sata, Raja and Tama,
Three doshas (prakriti) namely Vata, Pitta and Kapha,
Three types of signs or mobility namely moveable, fixed and dual,
Three forms of bodies namely sthula, sukshma & kaaran,
Three states of time namely present, past and future,
Three basic colors namely Red, Yellow, Blue
Three devas – Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh
Three basic sur (music notes) – saa paa saa
Three forms of every matter – Gas, liquid and solid
Three ways of doing karma - kaayik, vaachik, maansik (physical, verbal, mental)
Three sukhas - Physical, Mental, Spiritual
Prithvi, Aakash, Paataal or friend, enemy, neutral Etc. etc. ----

Hence our sages after realizing this property of nature, provided us with number "3".

With this, one can realize the importance of triangle and trine in a horoscope. They also divided 27 nakshtras in 3 groups (Ashwini to Ashlesha, Magha to Jyeshtha, Moola to Revati). Also if you see planets in Vedic system - Three outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) Three internal planets (Sun, Mercury, Venus) and Moon & its two nodes Rahu Ketu - Three groups consisting of 3 planets.

I will continue with 6 & 7 in next post.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 27 Feb 2013, for Comments click here

Number 9 Brahman, 8 Maya

From my Guru Sh A B Shukla Ji

Continued from yesterday's post:
Next two numbers that were invented were 9 and 8.
3. Nine: This number too has properties similar to Brahman and was considered as his shadow. That property is shown below mathematically:
a. Add 9 to any number, single digit sum of the result remain same. E.g. – 1+9=10 (1+0=1)
2+9=11 (1+1=2) 
.
.
38+9=47 (4+7=11=2 which is same as 3+8=11=2)
.
.any number
That means Brahman is present everywhere and in every being but is invisible.
b. Further, if you multiply 9 to any number, single digit sum becomes 9. This is shown below:
1x9=9 
2x9=18 (1+8=9) 
3x9=27 (2+7=9)
.
.
38x9=342 (3+4+2=9)
.
.any number x 9=single digit sum 9
That means complete surrender to the Brahman leads to the merger with him.
4. Eight: This number was visualized as shadow of Maya. Similar to the property of Maya, the multiplication to this number reduces the single digit sum as shown below:
1x8=8 :8
2x8=16 (1+6=7) :7
3x8=24 (2+4=6) :6
4x8=32 (3+2=5) :5
.
.
8x8=64 (6+4=10 or 1) :1
8x9=72 (7+2=9) :9 (but ultimately is Brahman)
More one attaches to Maya, more he gets away from Brahman. 
next two numbers tomorrow.


Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 22 Feb 2013, for Comments click here

Numbers - Brahman is Complete or Limitless

From my Guru Sh. AB Shukla Ji
We knew it before (Numbers)
It is said that India gave only one numeral among ten numbers from zero to nine. That number is zero. This is a misconception and let me try to wipe out this myth. Our sages not only knew numerals from zero to nine but also beyond and that is infinite. They knew the method of counting and used them freely in their life. The Vedas, Upanishads, Gita and other age old scriptures have used numerals and numbers in their texts with ease whether for expressing Anant or Akoham or Chaturvidha or Chaatur maas or dwadasa rasis or uses of sahastra yojana or laksha vahini etc. Various basic astrological principles given by them use these numbers and mathematical properties.
This article discusses the origin of the numbers to depict their presence in Vedic period and attempts to prove that our forefathers had knowledge of the entire number system that is available today.
Let’s start this journey.
1. Infinite: Our ancestors first realized the presence of Brahman and its vastness like space/sky. They accepted this supreme power as omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient etc.

 The vastness of controller of universe was expressed as:

ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदं पूर्णात्पुर्णमुदच्यते

पूर्णश्य पूर्णमादाय पूर्णमेवावशिष्यते ॥

Meaning: Brahman is complete or Anant or Limitless, this completeness comes out of Anant. If completeness is subtracted from Anant, still Anant is left.
The meaning of the most representative word for Brahman is "Purna" which means complete or infinite or limitless. The word purna or Anant (limitless) describes the Brahman.
This is the first number invented i.e. Infinite representing Brahman.
2. Zero: Next number which invented was zero, a number which was also complete. It was observed that everything in this universe, in order to attain stability becomes round e.g. drop of water, shape of heavenly bodies (Sun and other planets), their path around Sun etc. Further, it was observed that most of the phenomenons that are occurring in nature are repetitive. This lead to the shape of a circle i.e. ‘Zero’ which has property of reaching back to the point of beginning and repeating thereafter.
This number was also equated with ‘Maya’ or the illusion that covers the Brahman and depicts the properties of Brahman. Brahman is the only truth, whereas Maya is appearance of that truth but not the real truth. Since Maya is true only for now and not forever. Hence Maya is a cover on Brahman and makes Brahman appear to an individual the way he thinks and hides the reality.
Further, they also understood that anything divided by infinite (if that infinite or Brahman is covered or removed), zero (Maya) is left. Similarly anything divided by zero is infinity i.e. absence of Maya is Brahman.

I will continue from this later in next post.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 21 Feb 2013, for Comments click here

Infinite or Anant equated to Brahma

From my Guru Sh. A. B. Shuklaji
It is a misconception that the numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) as well as zero were invented by westerners or Arabs. This is a myth. Actually our ancestors not only invented each number but also understood the meaning of each and defined them. I will try to wipe out this myth in subsequent articles. I have explained only three numbers below for a limited purpose of this post. 
Do you know that the first number that our sages invented was Infinite or Anant (which perhaps westerners didn't know). They saw the sky/space and felt the power of omnipresent. They equated this to Brahma and found him to be complete and present everywhere. 
They described that property of HIS in these lines – 

“पूर्णमद: पूर्णमिदं पूर्णात पूर्णमुदच्यते, पूर्णस्य पूर्णमादाय पूर्णमेवावशिष्यते”

Similarly they felt numeral 1 also as Brahma and numeral 9 as shadow of Brahma. You can see their property. Anything multiplied by 1 does not change. Also if you add 9 to any number, the single digit sum remains same (say 32 – its single digit sum is 2+3=5, now if you add 9 to it i.e. 32+9=41. Its single digit sum is 4+1=5). So, numeral 1 and 9 also represent completeness. 
Now let me come to the point. The planets except Sun and Moon have been given two rasis each. You may observe that the two rasis awarded to every planet are in such a way that it represents completeness or in other words completeness of particular properties. You may see this below:
Mars 1+8=9
Venus 2+7=9
Mercury 3+6=9
Jupiter 9+12=21 (21-12=9)
Saturn 10+11=21 (21-12=9)
And finally Sun i.e. 5+ Moon i.e. 4= 9
There has to be lordship of planets as per concept of completeness as above. The lordships are therefore not given at random, rather these are as per perfect design.


Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 18 Feb 2015, for Comments click here

Jagannath Rath Yatra: Astrological Meaning

From my Guru Sh. A. B. Shuklaji:

रथस्थं वामनं दृष्टवा, पुनर्जन्म न विद्यते

Rathastham vaamanam drishtva, punarjanma na vidyate.

You must have heard of this. As per this, it is said that during annual chariot festival i.e. Jagannath Rath Yatra, if somebody sees the idol of Lord Jagannath, then he gets free from the cycle of birth rebirth.

Let us look at the astrological meaning: 

Rath means our body (represented by lagna or lagnesh) 
Vaaman means the lord (represented by Jupiter or as explained in last post, the 9th lord) 
Drishtva means aspect
Punarjanma na vidyate means no rebirth would take place

Meaning: If the lagna or lagnesh is aspected by Jupiter or the 9th lord, there may not be rebirth.
In the last post as well as this one, one thing is clear that the aspect of Jupiter or 9th lord is very important. If such a combination is there, then atleast one thing is for sure that a native will try to explore/understand/decipher the divine design of life and reincarnation. In this process, he will become wise enough to understand the theory of karmic principles and imbibe that knowledge in his activities so that the bank balance of Sanchit karma does not increase.


Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 14 Feb 2013, for Comments click here

Guru - Jupiter Part 2

adding to last post (read in conjunction please): Saturn is apariharya bhog.
Also even if Guru is exalted or debilitated, Guru does not touch moola trikona of Saturn i.e. 11th, the house of unsatisfied desires (atripta vaasna) but aspects karma sthan and Venus i.e. 7th, another house of desire (vaasna) as well as house of spouse but aspects kutumba.


Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 9 Feb 2013, for Comments click here

Guru - Jupiter

From My Guru: 
All three outer planets have 2 signs each and two extra special aspects. You all know that. Considering aspects from both own signs, each outer planet influences 6 houses + 2 houses (own signs). So in Kaal Purusha kundali, Mars covers 1,4,7,8 from Aries and from Scorpio 8,11,2,3. Similarly Guru covers 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12 from its two signs. Saturn covers 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12. Do you notice anything special with Guru's influence. If you can't figure out go below:
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Guru doesn't cover 7th house. Not only that Guru also doesn't interfere with the areas covered by Venus and Saturn as Guru leaves 2, 7, 10, 11. What a divine design. Guru is away from Bhog. Guru does not interfere in the activities of two main planets for Bhog. Great.



Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 8 Feb 2013, for Comments click here

Venus

From today onward, I will post some astrological tips given by My Guru Shri A B Shuklaji during regular post visharada classes. I hope all will gain from this: All planets move to sign of debilitation first from their Moola trikona (MT) sign and then go to exaltation sign. For example Mars whose MT is Aries. From Aries, it goes to Cancer and then to Capricorn.However, Venus goes to sign of exaltation first and then to debilitation (MT of Venus - Libra - moves to Pieces and then to Virgo).This shows the different characteristic of Venus compared to other planets i.e. first shower all good things and take the native to bhoga to misguide and then take to debilitation. Whereas other planets teach native the harder way and then uplift to exaltation.
Astronomically too, the rotation on axis is opposite for Venus when compared to all other planets.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 6 Feb 2013, for Comments click here.

Udhdharet Aatmna Aatmaanam - UAA Principle

From my Guruji Sh. A. B. Shuklaji

उद्धरेदात्मनात्मानं नात्मानमवसादयेत् ।

आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मन: ।।6/5II

uddharet aatmana aatmanam na aatmanam avasadayet

aatma aiva hy aatmano bandhur aatma aiva ripur aatmanah ..6/5..

Meaning:
A man must continuously endeavor to elevate himself and not disgrace himself. The man himself is the friend of his own self (soul) and his enemy as well.

Let’s connect this with astrology. Please understand this concept “One is friend and foe of himself by his inner hidden self”. That is, it can be seen in the horoscope if a house lord is getting strength from its inner hidden self i.e. (1) its dispositer, (2) its nakshatra lord and (3) most important of all, its Navamshesh.

There are two clear astrological messages from this shloka:

First: Always do something to strengthen the ascendant lord (being the most important for an individual)
Second: Know from where the ascendant lord (or any other house lord) is drawing strength from. 

There are three fold methods to know that:
1. Ascendant lord (Lagna lord or LL) drawing strength in D1 chart based on its dispositer. Friendly equation between two (LL and disposter) would mean that the LL is gaining strength from its dispositer. Unfriendly equation would mean weakening of LL. Same method is applied to ascertain the strength of all bhava lords.
2. Ascendant lord drawing strength from nakshatra lord of LL. Check the relation between LL and its nakshatra lord in D1. Friendly equation between two (LL and its nakshatra lord) means the LL is gaining strength from nakshatra lord. Unfriendly equation would mean weakening of LL. Same method is applied to ascertain the strength of all bhava lords.
3. (This is the most important method because this tells about the hidden strength most. A new term has been coined by our Guruji i.e. UAA principle or Udhdharet Aatmna Aatmaanam principle) Check the lord of sign in which LL is placed in D9 (i.e. navamshesh). Then check the mutual placement of that navmshsesh with LL in D1. Friendly equation between two means the LL is gaining strength due to that planet. Unfriendly equation would mean weakening of LL. Same method is applied to ascertain the strength of all bhava lords.

This is explained in examples given below.

For LL:
Rule 1: LL is Mercury and is in Cancer. Its dispositer is Moon in Scorpio. The elation between two is 5:9 which is good.
Rule 2: Mercury is in Ashlesha whose lord is Mercury making 1:1 relationship so good.
Rule 3 (the most important being the hidden strength also named UAA principle): Mercury is in Capricorn in D9. So navamshesh becomes Saturn. Come back to D1. In D1, Saturn is exalted and is in 4th from Mercury thus making 4:10 relationship which is good. So Mercury is drawing strength from Saturn who is well placed, aspecting back Mercury hence Mercury is gaining good hidden support from Saturn. 
Lets see “Sun” now in this horoscope:
Rule 3 (UAA principle): Sun is in sign of Mercury (navamshesh). In D1, Sun and Mercury are 2:12. Hence, by this principle, Sun is not getting support from navmshesh (the hidden strength) hence getting weakend.

Posted by Sh. Navneet Kaushik in Facebook ICAS Examination wing Group on 7 Feb 2015, for Comments click here
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